نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
2 گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه گیلان
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Attar of Nishapur’s Mantiq al-Tayr(The Conference of the Birds)is one of the most important mystical and allegorical texts in Persian literature. Its narrative structure is organized around the journey of birds toward the Simurgh—a journey that represents the transformation of humanity from self-serving attachments to the perception of essential truth. Each bird in this work,with its specific motivations,fears, and excuses,embodies various types of human moral and personality archetypes,making Mantiq al-Tayr a text analyzable based on the principles of moral psychology.
On the other hand,Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral judgment development outlines humanity’s transition from an ethics based on personal interest and fear, to one based on social contracts, and finally, to universal principles.The present research takes an interdisciplinary approach to examine how the discourses and behaviors of the birds in Mantiq al-Tayr, as symbols of the stages of human moral development,can be analyzed and classified according to Kohlberg’s three main levels.
The findings indicate that many of the birds who offer excuses possess characteristics of the Pre-Conventional Level,where their moral judgment is based on pleasure,fear, or individual benefit.A group of birds who gradually embark on the path of inquiry, responsibility, and adherence to collective order align with the Conventional Level.The valleys(stages of the journey) and the existential experiences of the travelers correspond to the Post-Conventional Level, where moral motivations are founded upon the public good and the pursuit of truth.Furthermore, in Attar’s narrative, a stage beyond universal principles—namely, Self-Transcendence and Annihilation (Fana)—can be conceived, which Kohlberg’s theory does not cover.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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