Iranian Persian Language and Literature Promotion Society Research on Mystical Literature HTTPS://JP 17 2 2024 02 20 A Study of Fitzgerald's Rewriting of Jamī's Mystical Poem, Salamān and Absāl, Based on Lefevere’s Perspective (1992) A Study of Fitzgerald's Rewriting of Jamī's Mystical Poem, Salamān and Absāl, Based on Lefevere’s Perspective (1992) 145 163 28713 10.22108/jpll.2024.141717.1841 FA Abolfazl Horri Associate professor of Translation Studies, Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature & Languages, Arak University, Arak, Iran Journal Article 2024 06 03 Based on qualitative-explanatory research grounded in the concept of "rewriting" within the "School of Manipulation", this article  demonstrated how Fitzgerald rewrote the poem of Jamī based on the two types of poetic and ideological rewriting. The former followed the rules of the era, while the latter referred to the role of supporters among others. The findings showed that Fitzgerald's numerous manipulations were due to not only facing linguistic and poetic differences, but also adapting to the culture and ideology of his time. The most important results included representation of Iranian cultural and literary elements, particularly those related to Sufi literature, in Fitzgerald's rewritings. He created a different and sometimes imaginary representation of Iranian culture and literature, which was more in line with Western expectations. Additionally, Fitzgerald rewrote the text to conform to the cultural capital in English networks and social circles. These adaptations included selecting new words, changing sentence structures, and even deleting or adding parts of the original text to make the final product more appealing to English readers. The overall conclusion was that Fitzgerald's rewritings of Jamī's poems were not just simple translation, but a complex process of cultural rewriting and representation that involved ideology, poetics, and social expectations. These findings helped to better understand cultural interactions between East and West in the modern era and demonstrated how literary translations and rewritings could be a means of cultural transmission and transformation. Based on qualitative-explanatory research grounded in the concept of "rewriting" within the "School of Manipulation", this article  demonstrated how Fitzgerald rewrote the poem of Jamī based on the two types of poetic and ideological rewriting. The former followed the rules of the era, while the latter referred to the role of supporters among others. The findings showed that Fitzgerald's numerous manipulations were due to not only facing linguistic and poetic differences, but also adapting to the culture and ideology of his time. The most important results included representation of Iranian cultural and literary elements, particularly those related to Sufi literature, in Fitzgerald's rewritings. He created a different and sometimes imaginary representation of Iranian culture and literature, which was more in line with Western expectations. Additionally, Fitzgerald rewrote the text to conform to the cultural capital in English networks and social circles. These adaptations included selecting new words, changing sentence structures, and even deleting or adding parts of the original text to make the final product more appealing to English readers. The overall conclusion was that Fitzgerald's rewritings of Jamī's poems were not just simple translation, but a complex process of cultural rewriting and representation that involved ideology, poetics, and social expectations. These findings helped to better understand cultural interactions between East and West in the modern era and demonstrated how literary translations and rewritings could be a means of cultural transmission and transformation. https://jpll.ui.ac.ir/article_28713_95ee37d2350219138cca427700ea1778.pdf