Iranian Persian Language and Literature Promotion Society Research on Mystical Literature HTTPS://JP 3 3 2009 11 22 An examination of the application of “Deviation” in Mohammad Reza Shafiee kadkani’s (M. sereshk) poetry An examination of the application of “Deviation” in Mohammad Reza Shafiee kadkani’s (M. sereshk) poetry 63 90 16357 FA Masoud Rouhani Assistant professor in Persian language and literature, Mazandaran University Mohammad Enayati M.A student in Persian language and literature, MAzandaran University Journal Article 2016 06 14 Deviation is one of the most effective ways of defamiliarization and foregrounding methods in poetry widely used by most poets. In contemporary poetry, Nima - the father of  modern poetry- played a great role in establishing the Deviations. His followers have widely used this method, as well. One of the poets who has used Deviation method to foreground his poems, is Mohammadreza Shafiee Kadkani (M. Sereshk). This article shows that Shafiee widely uses Deviation method and by this way, fore-grounds the language of his poetry. Different types of Deviation are used in his poems but his ways to apply this does not always stay the same. Among all, one of the  Deviations that could be observed in Shafiee’s poems, is archaism. Archaism has a high frequency and impression in his recent work; that is, “the second millennium of the mountain Ghazzal”. Another Deviation highly used in Shafiee’s poems, is lexical Deviation. Through this, he changes the sentence structure and lexical items which have not been so far prevalent in Persian literature. On the other hand, Shafiee also uses local, common and modern lexicons and thereby adds to his scope of poetry’s lexicons. Another Deviation field in Shafiee’s poems is semantic Deviation. He also uses such devices as simile, paradox, synestheisia, personification and imagery. Different use of mythical and historical anecdotes also help build up the sense of de-familiarization. Other Deviation types have also been used in establishing a fore-grounded style.   Deviation is one of the most effective ways of defamiliarization and foregrounding methods in poetry widely used by most poets. In contemporary poetry, Nima - the father of  modern poetry- played a great role in establishing the Deviations. His followers have widely used this method, as well. One of the poets who has used Deviation method to foreground his poems, is Mohammadreza Shafiee Kadkani (M. Sereshk). This article shows that Shafiee widely uses Deviation method and by this way, fore-grounds the language of his poetry. Different types of Deviation are used in his poems but his ways to apply this does not always stay the same. Among all, one of the  Deviations that could be observed in Shafiee’s poems, is archaism. Archaism has a high frequency and impression in his recent work; that is, “the second millennium of the mountain Ghazzal”. Another Deviation highly used in Shafiee’s poems, is lexical Deviation. Through this, he changes the sentence structure and lexical items which have not been so far prevalent in Persian literature. On the other hand, Shafiee also uses local, common and modern lexicons and thereby adds to his scope of poetry’s lexicons. Another Deviation field in Shafiee’s poems is semantic Deviation. He also uses such devices as simile, paradox, synestheisia, personification and imagery. Different use of mythical and historical anecdotes also help build up the sense of de-familiarization. Other Deviation types have also been used in establishing a fore-grounded style.   https://jpll.ui.ac.ir/article_16357_2f6d10eeee34c04ce74a49bcaffe6b22.pdf